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    "creator" : [ "Manousos O.,", "Koutroubakis I.,", "Kouroumalis E.,", "Roussomoustakaki M., .", "Potamianos S., .", "Matrella E.," ],
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      "@value" : "SUMMARY\nAim: To estimate the mortality and morbidity of upper gastrointestinal\nbleeding and to assess the role and relative\nsafety of the common anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).\nMaterials/Methods: The clinical outcome of 444 patients with\nupper GI bleeding, admitted to the University Hospital of\nHeraklion, in relation to the consumption of various\nNSAIDs was studied prospectively over a 4 year period\n(1992-1995).\nResults: The median age of the patients was 62 and the male\nto female ratio 1.4: 1. In 64.2% of the cases a gastroduodenal\nulcer was found. There was a history of NSAID use in\n60.6% of patients and NSAID administration was associated\nsignificantly with antral erosions (81.7%). Operation and\nmortality rate were 3.6% and 2.7% respectively. Taking into\naccount the local drug circulation, salicylates, piroxicam\nand ibuprofen were estimated to have the highest relative\nrisk of bleeding. Drugs used mostly in parenteral or rectal\nforms were considered safer. No significant association was\nfound between NSAID consumption and age, sex, operation\nand mortality rate.\nConclusions: The operation and mortality rate in patients\nwith upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Crete is remarkably\nlow. NSAID use is strongly associated with upper gastrointestinal\nhemorrhage and certain brands of NSAIDs\nhave a higher relative risk of bleeding. Parenteral or rectal\nadministration of low-danger drugs is recommended.\nKey words: upper gastrointestinal bleeding, non-steroidal\nanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), peptic ulcer"
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      "@value" : "Annals of Gastroenterology; Volume 13, No 3 (2000)"
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    "title" : {
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      "@value" : "Low mortality and morbidity of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Crete. The role of individual non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)"
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