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    "creator" : "K. Tsamakidis, Alexandra Papadokostopoulou, A. Bazinis,E. Paraskevas, D. Xinopoulos, D. Dimitroulopoulos,",
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      "@value" : "SUMMARY\nAim: The evaluation of efficacy and safety of autoexpandable\nmetal covered stend endoscopic placement in patients with\nmalignant esophageal obstructions or stenoses.\nPatients and Method: We retrospectively analysed a total\nof 61 patients with malignant esophageal obstruction due\nto esophageal (n=25), pancreatic (n=1), breast (n=4) and\nlung cancer (n=29), primary esophageal melanoma (n=1)\nand recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma after gastrectomy\n(n=1). The site of obstruction was in the upper (n=1),\nmiddle (n=34) and lower esophagus (n=23). In 9 cases\ngastro-esophageal junction was included. In all patients the\ntumour was considered nonresectable. Between 5/1997-6/\n2001, 61 Ultraflex covered stents and 4 Flamingo type were\nintroduced endoscopically. 36 patients required dilation.\nResults: Stents were placed successfully in all cases. After\n48h all patients were able to tolerate solid or semi-solid\ndiet. Thirty-seven died 32+6 weeks later, none due to a cause\nrelated to the stent. During the follow-up period, 5 patients\ndeveloped dysphagia due to food impaction. One stent 3\nweeks after placement, in a case involving gastro-esophageal\njunction, migrated to the stomach and a new one was placed.\nEight patients presented recurrent dysphagia. Four of these\nwith tumour overgrowth at the distal end of the stenosis\nwere treated with introspective application of Diamed laser (contact fiber) in a total of 13+6 sessions per patient (6782\njoules, range 4380-10584 j per session). In the remaining 4\ncases, a second stent was placed. No other side effects were\nnoted.\nConclusion: Placement of self-expanding metal stents is a\nsafe and effective treatment modality for malignant\nesophageal obstruction. In case of expansion of the mass,\nlaser therapy or placement of a second stent could be used.\nKey words: Esophageal malignant obstruction, metal stent,\nDiomed laser, palliative treatment"
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      "@value" : "Annals of Gastroenterology; Volume 17, No 1 (2004)"
    }, "1108-7471", "1792-7463" ],
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    "title" : {
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      "@value" : "The role of metallic expandable stents in treating patients with inoperable esophageal stenosis: The experience of a Greek Cancer Hospital"
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