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      "@value" : "SUMMARY\nGastric carcinoids are neoplasms originating from the\nendocrine cells of the gastric wall and represent less than\n1% of all gastric tumours. Their frequency appears to be\nrising in parallel with the increasing use of upper\ngastrointestinal endoscopy and the development of\ntechniques for specific immunohistochemical study of\ngastric biopsies. The pathophysiological classification of\ngastric carcinoids into three types is clinically useful. The\nmajority (75-80%) belong to Type I, which is associated with\nchronic atrophic gastritis type A. They develop as a response\nto chronic hypergastrinaemia, causing sequentially hyperplasia,\ndysplasia and neoplasia of the ECL (enterochromaffin-\nlike) cells. They follow a benign clinical course and\nonly exceptionally metastasize. Type II carcinoids (5-13%)\nare also associated with hypergastrinaemia and develop in\npatients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as part of\nmultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). They have a\nslightly higher malignant potential than type I carcinoids.\nType III includes the sporadic gastric carcinoids (14-25%)\nwhich are invasive tumours with metastases often present\nat the time of diagnosis. They are not associated with hypergastrinaemia\nand require more aggressive surgical treatment\nthan types I and II. We review the current management\napproaches and report two cases of gastric carcinoids, one\ndemonstrating that classification of these tumours is not\nalways straightforward and the other highlighting the\nimportance of extensive endoscopic sampling in the setting\nof multiple gastric polypoid lesions. Key words: carcinoid, neuroendocrine tumour, gastric\ntumour, gastric polyp, atrophic gastritis, enterochromaffinlike\ncells, gastrin, gastrinoma"
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