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Georgios Trapezuntios and Niccolo Machiavelli on the mixed constitution and Sparta

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Εργαστήριο Μελέτης Θεσμικού Λόγου, Τμήμα Φιλοσοφίας, ΕΚΠΑ   

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ΕΙΚΩΝ, Επιθεώρηση Βυζαντινής Φιλοσοφίας  | ΕΚΤ eJournals   

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Georgios Trapezuntios and Niccolo Machiavelli on the mixed constitution and Sparta (EN)
Steiris, Georgios
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article (EN)
2023-05-19
Georgios Trapezuntios (1395-c.1472), otherwise known as Georgeof Trebizond, was an eminent scholar of the 15th century, who contributedvastly to the dissemination of ancient Greek philosophyand rhetoric in Renaissance Italy. According to a letter of consolation hesent in the 1420s to Georgius Vatacius Cretensis on the occasion of thelatter’s wife’s death, Trapezuntios was fascinated by the Spartan culture.In the letter, he frequently refers to Pseudo-Plutarch’s Consolatioad Apollonium, especially to the passages where Pseudo-Plutarch praisesthe Spartan attitude towards death. A few decades later, in 1451, Trapezuntiostranslated the Platonic Laws, the careful study of which led him toexpress the view that the Platonic philosophy was what inspired Venice’sfounding fathers to establish their mixed constitution. As proposed bymodern scholarship, Trapezuntios specifically refers on passages wherePlato praises the Spartan constitution. Further, in his Comparatio PhilosophorumPlatonis et Aristotelis, Trapezuntios discusses Venice’s mixed constitution and its relation to the Spartan polity. As a result, he was responsible, along with Aristotle and Polybius, for the reappraisal of theSpartan constitution in 15th-century Italy. Later, Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) argued in support of the mixed constitution and praised Sparta morethan any other Greek state, although he believed in Rome’s political superiority.Machiavelli extolled Lycurgus for giving Sparta durable laws. Inthis paper, I set to examine how Trapezuntios and Machiavelli approachedthe ancient sources that informed them about the Spartan constitution,and how they contributed to the birth of the political myth of Sparta inthe Renaissance. Finally, I suggest that Trapezuntios’ views on the Venetianconstitution presuppose Polybius’ and Plutarch's rather than Plato’s texts. (EN)
Αγγλική γλώσσα
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (EN)
2732-8767
ΕΙΚΩΝ, Επιθεώρηση Βυζαντινής Φιλοσοφίας; Τόμ. 1 Αρ. 2 (2022): Εικών; 27-39 (EL)
ICON, Journal on Byzantine Philosophy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Icon; 27-39 (EN)
Copyright (c) 2023 ICON, Journal on Byzantine Philosophy (EN)
Εργαστήριο Μελέτης Θεσμικού Λόγου, Τμήμα Φιλοσοφίας, ΕΚΠΑ
ΕΙΚΩΝ, Επιθεώρηση Βυζαντινής Φιλοσοφίας
Articles



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