Osteoarticular manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome
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Moutsopoulos, HM
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Tektonidou, MG
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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent throm boses, pregnancy morbidity, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), namely anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) or lupus anticoagulant (LA) [1,2]. The sundrome is recognized as primary, or it can be associated with other underlying disorders, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thrombosis in APS may occur at any vascular site, and almost every organ system can be affected. However, osteoarticular manifestations in APS have been poorly recognized. Arthralgias represent the most commonly described musculoskeletal manifestations of primary and secondary APS, while arthritis has been primarily reported in SLE-related APS. Osteonecrosis has been described in association with aPL in patients with SLE or APS, as well as in several patients with nonautoimmune disorders.
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